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Tuesday, 21 August 2012

How to shrink partition in Windows 7 and Vista

Windows 7 and Vista include a built-in functionality in Disk Management to shrink and expand partitions. No more 3rd party utilities needed!
To get to this utility, open up Control Panel, and type in partition into the search box.. you’ll immediately see the link show up:

Shrink a Partition
In the Disk Management screen, just right-click on the partition that you want to shrink, and select “Shrink Volume” from the menu.

In the Shrink dialog, you will want to enter the amount you want to shrink by, not the new size. For example, if you want to shrink your 50gb partition by roughly 10gb so that it will now be roughly 40gb, enter 10000 into the box:

Extend a Partition
In the Disk Management screen, just right-click on the partition that you want to shrink, and select “Extend Volume” from the menu.

On this screen, you can specify the amount that you want to increase the partition by. In this case, I’m going to extend it back to the roughly 50GB size that it was before.
Note that the extend partition feature only works with contiguous space.

Load Balancing over Multiple Gateways


The typical situation where you got one router and want to connect to two ISPs:
Dual gw 01.jpg
Of course, you want to do load balancing! There are several ways how to do it. Depending on the particular situation, you may find one best suited for you.

Policy Routing based on Client IP Address

If you have a number of hosts, you may group them by IP addresses. Then, depending on the source IP address, send the traffic out through Gateway #1 or #2. This is not really the best approach, giving you perfect load balancing, but it's easy to implement, and gives you some control too.
Let us assume we use for our workstations IP addresses from network 192.168.100.0/24. The IP addresses are assigned as follows:
  • 192.168.100.1-127 are used for Group A workstations
  • 192.168.100.128-253 are used for Group B workstations
  • 192.168.100.254 is used for the router.
All workstations have IP configuration with the IP address from the relevant group, they all have network mask 255.255.255.0, and 192.168.100.254 is the default gateway for them. We will talk about DNS servers later.
Now, when we have workstations divided into groups, we can refer to them using subnet addressing:
  • Group A is 192.168.100.0/25, i.e., addresses 192.168.100.0-127
  • Group B is 192.168.100.128/25, i.e., addresses 192.168.100.128-255
If you do not understand this, take the TCP/IP Basics course,
or, look for some resources about subnetting on the Internet!
We need to add two IP Firewall Mangle rules to mark the packets originated from Group A or Group B workstations.
For Group A, specify
  • Chain prerouting and Src. Address 192.168.100.0/25
  • Action mark routing and New Routing Mark GroupA.
Dual gw 22.jpg
It is a good practice to add a comment as well. Your mangle rules might be interesting for someone else and for yourself as well after some time.
For Group B, specify
  • Chain prerouting and Src. Address 192.168.100.128/25
  • Action mark routing and New Routing Mark GroupB
Dual gw 25.jpg
All IP traffic coming from workstations is marked with the routing marks GroupA or GroupB. We can use these marks in the routing table.
Next, we should specify two default routes (destination 0.0.0.0/0) with appropriate routing marks and gateways:
Dual gw 26.jpg
This thing is not going to work, unless you do masquerading for your LAN! The simplest way to do it is by adding one NAT rule for Src. Address 192.168.100.0/24 and Action masquerade:
Dual gw 28.jpg
Test the setup by tracing the route to some IP address on the Internet!
From a workstation of Group A, it should go like this:
C:\>tracert -d 8.8.8.8

Tracing route to 8.8.8.8 over a maximum of 30 hops

  1     2 ms     2 ms     2 ms  192.168.100.254
  2    10 ms     4 ms     3 ms  10.1.0.1
  ...
From a workstation of Group B, it should go like this:
C:\>tracert -d 8.8.8.8

Tracing route to 8.8.8.8 over a maximum of 30 hops

  1     2 ms     2 ms     2 ms  192.168.100.254
  2    10 ms     4 ms     3 ms  10.5.8.1
  ...
You can specify the DNS server for workstations quite freely, just make it can be reached (test it by tracing the route to DNS server's IP address)!

Tuesday, 7 August 2012

Fort Rotterdam Makassar


The Fort Rotterdam is the fortress known as "ujung pandang" the tip of view, is a relic of the glory and might of the history of the kingdom of Gowa in the 17th century. This fortress was built in 1545 by the king of Gowa IX. he is known as i marigau Karaeng Bonto daeng lakiung, known as the turipallangga Karaeng ulaweng. 
in its heyday the fort was a stronghold of the kingdom of Gowa. then taken over by the Dutch government and the Japanese rule. oelh independence after the government of Indonesia used as a place of asylum and archaeological heritage, cultural centers and museums La Galigo.


fort rotterdam is located in the city center along the coastal strip makassar Losari. can be done with a variety of vehicles and public transport. This fort near the shopping center there Somba Opu road, which provides many craft items typical sulawesi. These location are also many hotels, cafes, travel agency.